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Shakespeare as a Poet of Nature

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        Shakespeare as a Poet of Nature: An Analysis of Samuel Johnson's Preface to Shakespeare Introduction In his celebrated Preface to Shakespeare (1765), Samuel Johnson establishes Shakespeare's supreme position in English literature by defining him as "the poet of nature." Johnson's critical assessment moves beyond contemporary prejudices and neoclassical rules to identify the essential quality that has ensured Shakespeare's enduring greatness: his faithful representation of universal human nature. Johnson argues that Shakespeare's works transcend the limitations of time, place, and individual circumstance to hold up a mirror to the fundamental truths of human existence. Shakespeare's Enduring Universality Johnson begins his argument by establishing Shakespeare's test of time as evidence of his natural genius. Shakespeare has "long outlived his century, the term commonly fixed as the test of literary merit." Unlike works that ...

DESCRIBING A PROCESS, DESCRIBING A PICTURE

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DESCRIBING A PROCESS Step-by-Step Instructions Step 1: Start with the Title Say clearly what process you are going to describe. Example: “I am going to describe the process of making tea.”   Step 2: Give a Small Introduction Say why the process is important or where it is used. Example: “Tea is a common drink in every household. It refreshes our mind.”   Step 3: List the Materials or Things Needed Tell what is needed for the process. Example: “To make tea, we need water, tea leaves, milk, sugar, and a gas stove.”   Step 4: Explain the Steps One by One Use first, next, then, after that, finally — to show order. Example: First, we pour some water into a kettle. Next, we add tea leaves and boil the water. Then we add milk and sugar. After that, we boil it for a few minutes. Finally, we filter the tea into a cup and serve it hot.   Step 5: End with a Simple Conclusion Finish with one or two lines.  Example: “This is how t...

Industrial Revolution

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                                                               Industrial Revolution Introduction The Industrial Revolution was a great change that began in Britain in the 18th century. Before this period, people made goods by hand and worked in small workshops or at home. After the revolution, machines replaced manual labor, and many people began working in factories. This changed how people lived, worked, and earned money. Causes of the Industrial Revolution There were many reasons for this big change in Britain. New inventions More population Agricultural changes Trade and colonies Money and banking Peace and good government Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? Britain was the first country to experience this change because: It had coal and iron, used for mach...

Short notes: The Bastille Prison, Public Schools in England, The Welfare State and The Cold War

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  The Bastille Prison "The fall of the Bastille was the first victory of the people." The Bastille was a medieval fortress in Paris that became a symbol of royal oppression in France. Originally built in the 1370s as a fortress, it later served as a state prison where political prisoners and critics of the monarchy were held, often without trial through royal warrants. The fortress became infamous for housing prominent prisoners like Voltaire and the mysterious "Man in the Iron Mask." By the 18th century, it represented everything the French people despised about absolute monarchy - imprisonment, secrecy, and abuse of power. Public Schools in England In England, "public schools" are actually expensive private schools for rich families. Famous ones include Eton, Winchester, and Harrow, which are hundreds of years old. A man named Thomas Arnold changed how these schools worked in the 1800s. Arnold believed schools should teach three main things: re...

A.A.Milne's "The Boy Comes Home"

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                                                       A.A.Milne's "The Boy Comes Home" Introduction: A.A. Milne, best known for Winnie-the-Pooh stories, demonstrated remarkable versatility as a playwright and essayist. His dramatic works, including "The Boy Comes Home" (1918), showcase his gift for combining humor with social commentary. Milne's writing style is characterized by witty dialogue, gentle satire, and an acute understanding of human nature. His dialogue feels natural and conversational, yet beneath the surface humor lies sharp observation and psychological insight. Introduction to the Story: Theme and Characters "The Boy Comes Home" is a one-act play that explores the clash between pre-war Victorian values and post-war independence. Written in 1918 as World War I was ending, the play addresses the tensions faced by returning soldiers at...

All My Sons by Arthur Miller

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  Introduction: Arthur Miller, one of America's most celebrated playwrights, consistently explored themes of moral responsibility, the American Dream, and the individual's relationship with society throughout his dramatic works. Miller believed that a man cannot live for himself alone—he must also care for others. In most of his works, including Death of a Salesman and All My Sons , he shows how moral blindness leads to tragedy. About the Play All My Sons is a powerful domestic tragedy that exposes the moral corruption beneath the facade of the American Dream. Set in the backyard of the Keller home in post-World War II America, the play unfolds over a single day, during which long-buried secrets surface with catastrophic consequences. The action centers on Joe Keller, a successful businessman who allowed defective airplane parts to be shipped to the military during the war, resulting in the deaths of twenty-one pilots. While his business partner, Steve Deever, took the ...

"The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe

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                                           Essay on "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe Introduction: About Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe, a famous American writer, is known as the master of horror and mystery stories. Poe had a special writing style called Gothic literature. Gothic writing includes dark and scary elements like haunted houses, death, and sadness. Poe loved to include supernatural elements in his stories and poems, like ghosts, spirits, and magic. His works are famous for creating feelings of terror and fear in readers. Introduction to "The Raven" "The Raven" is one of Edgar Allan Poe's most famous poems. It tells the story of a sad man (The Speaker) who is alone in his room one dark night in December. He is mourning the death of his beloved wife, Lenore. He is filled with grief and cannot stop thinking about her. Late at night, while he is reading books...