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Marxism

                                                                           Marxism 


Marxism is a theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. Its main ideas are:

1. Material Reality: Marxism believes that reality is material, not spiritual. Economic conditions shape our world and our thinking.

2. Society Shapes Our Thinking: Our social and economic conditions directly influence what we believe and value. As Marx said, "consciousness does not determine life; life determines consciousness." This means our surroundings shape our thoughts, not the other way around.

3. Class Struggle: Society is divided into two main classes:

  • Bourgeoisie (rich owners/capitalists)
  • Proletariat (poor workers)

The rich control the poor through economic power, leading to conflict between classes.

4. Base and Superstructure: The base is the economic system (how goods are produced). The superstructure includes culture, religion, education, and politics. According to Marxism, the base controls the superstructure.

5. Goal of Communism: Marxism aims to create a classless society where wealth and opportunities are equally distributed, ending exploitation and alienation.

Key Quote: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." — The Communist Manifesto

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